Valéry's work is open, dynamic: a static interpretation is impossible. In such a work, the problem of enunciation turns out to be complex and there is constantly an interchangeability between the enunciating instances. So we appeal to a semiotics of enunciation where the enunciating instances play a primordial role. In addition, the dissociation of a primary actant, substrate in an instance, Reference Self and a Self under construction allows us to reflect on the notions of disengagement and engagement in Valéry and at the same time to understand why disengagement automatically induces effects of plurality, plurality of self, of coherence and incoherence: the disengaged self is made of multiple, transitory and successive identities, the reunion of which in a single actantial identity is important in this great poet.We add that the analysis of Valéry's instances allows, through its dynamism, to reconcile the thesis of Jean-Claude Coquet, to the extent that there arises, on the one hand, the inexpressible character of a source of speech, the place of which is occupied by an “I”, and on the other hand, the sensitive character, both perceptive and emotional, of an enunciation which seeks to impose itself. The plurality of instances creates a tension that can be called enunciative polyphonic tension. If there is a plurality of “me” in Valéry and rivalry between authorities, it is because there is an object of value: the quest for identity. Indeed, it is to achieve self-identification that the authorities are in conflict.